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Gut Microbes 2024The gut microbiota and Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can influence the progression of diseases, yet the role of these factors on gastric cancer (GC) remains uncertain....
The gut microbiota and Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can influence the progression of diseases, yet the role of these factors on gastric cancer (GC) remains uncertain. In this work, the analysis of the gut microbiota composition and SCFA content in the blood and feces of both healthy individuals and GC patients indicated that significant reductions in the abundance of intestinal bacteria involved in SCFA production were observed in GC patients compared with the controls. ABX mice transplanted with fecal microbiota from GC patients developed more tumors during the induction of GC and had lower levels of butyric acid. Supplementation of butyrate during the induction of gastric cancer along with H. pylori and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in WT in GPR109Amice resulted in fewer tumors and more IFN-γ CD8 T cells, but this effect was significantly weakened after knockout of GPR109A. Furthermore, In vitro GC cells and co-cultured CD8 T cells or CAR-Claudin 18.2 CD8 T cells, as well as in vivo tumor-bearing studies, have indicated that butyrate enhanced the killing function of CD8 T cells or CAR-Claudin 18.2 CD8 T cells against GC cells through G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) and homologous domain protein homologous box (HOPX). Together, these data highlighted that the restoration of gut microbial butyrate enhanced CD8 T cell cytotoxicity via GPR109A/HOPX, thus inhibiting GC carcinogenesis, which suggests a novel theoretical foundation for GC management against GC.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Butyrates; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Stomach Neoplasms; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Butyric Acid; Claudins
PubMed: 38319728
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2307542 -
Journal of Oral Science Sep 2020Ameloblastoma is a benign tumor that develops in the jawbone. Occasionally, however, it may become malignant and metastasize to other tissues. Although it has been...
Ameloblastoma is a benign tumor that develops in the jawbone. Occasionally, however, it may become malignant and metastasize to other tissues. Although it has been suggested that various cytokines and several adhesion factors may play a role in its malignant transformation, the details have not been elucidated. In this context, it has been reported that butyric acid produced by periodontopathic bacteria causes progression of malignant tumors occurring in the mouth via podoplanin. However, the influence of butyric acid on ameloblastoma has not been clarified. In the present study, therefore, the expression of various cytokines and adhesion factors in ameloblastoma upon stimulation with butyric acid or cytokines was investigated using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Three cell lines (HAM1, HAM2 and HAM3) established from the same ameloblastoma were used in the experiments. It was found that the expression of mRNAs for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) was increased in HAM2 and HAM3, respectively, upon stimulation with butyric acid. In addition, stimulation with EGF and TGFβ1 led to an increase in the expression of laminin β-3 mRNA in the respective cell lines. These results suggest that butyric acid may be involved in ameloblastoma exacerbation through the expression of laminin 332 (LM332) via EGF and TGFβ1 produced by ameloblastoma itself.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Humans; Kalinin
PubMed: 32879156
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0380 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2018Promotion of microbial butyrate production in the reticulorumen is a widely used method for enhancing forestomach development in calves. Additional acceleration of... (Review)
Review
Promotion of microbial butyrate production in the reticulorumen is a widely used method for enhancing forestomach development in calves. Additional acceleration of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, both the forestomach and lower parts of the GIT (e.g., abomasum, intestine, and also pancreas), can be obtained by dietary butyrate supplementation. For this purpose, different sources (e.g., butyrate salts or butyrins), forms (e.g., protected or unprotected), methods (e.g., in liquid feed or solid feed), and periods (e.g., before or after weaning) of butyrate administration can be used. The aim of this paper was to summarize the knowledge in the field of butyrate supplementation in feeds for newborn calves in practical situations, and to suggest directions of future studies. It has been repeatedly shown that supplementation of unprotected salts of butyrate (primarily sodium salt) in milk replacer (MR) stimulates the rumen, small intestine, and pancreas development in calves, with a supplementation level equating to 0.3% of dry matter being sufficient to exert the desired effect on both GIT development and growth performance. On the other hand, the effect of unprotected butyrins and protected forms of butyrate supplementation in MR has not been extensively investigated, and few studies have documented the effect of butyrate addition into whole milk (WM), with those available focusing mainly on the growth performance of animals. Protected butyrate supplementation at a low level (0.3% of protected product in DM) in solid feed was shown to have a potential to enhance GIT development and performance of calves fed MR during the preweaning period. Justification of this form of butyrate supplementation in solid feed when calves are fed WM or after weaning needs to be documented. After weaning, inclusion of unprotected butyrate salts in solid feed was shown to increase solid feed intake, but the effect on GIT development and function has not been determined in detail, and optimal levels of supplementation are also difficult to recommend based on available reports. Future studies should focus on comparing different sources (e.g., salts vs. esters), forms (e.g., protected vs. unprotected), and doses of supplemental butyrate in liquid feeds and solid feeds and their effect not only on the development of rumen, abomasum, and small intestine but also the omasum and large intestine. Furthermore, the most effective source, form, and dose of supplemental butyrate in solid feed depending on the liquid feed program (e.g., MR or WM), stage of rearing (e.g., pre- or postweaning), and solid composition (e.g., lack or presence of forage in the diet) need to be determined.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Butyric Acid; Cattle; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 29525310
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14086 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jul 2023Diabetic retinopathy (DR) development is associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and related metabolites. Butyric acid is one of the short-chain fatty acids...
BACKGROUND
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) development is associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and related metabolites. Butyric acid is one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which has been found to possess a potential antidiabetic effect. However, whether butyrate has a role in DR remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of sodium butyrate supplementation on DR.
METHODS
C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: Control group, diabetic group, and diabetic with butyrate supplementation group. Type 1 diabetic mouse model was induced by streptozotocin. Sodium butyrate was administered by gavage to the experimental group daily for 12 weeks. Optic coherence tomography, hematoxylin-eosin, and immunostaining of whole-mount retina were used to value the changes in retinal structure. Electroretinography was performed to assess the retinal visual function. The tight junction proteins in intestinal tissue were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS were performed to determine the alteration and correlation of the gut microbiota and systemic SCFAs.
RESULTS
Butyrate decreased blood glucose, food, and water consumption. Meanwhile, it alleviated retinal thinning and activated microglial cells but improved electroretinography visual function. Additionally, butyrate effectively enhanced the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins in the small intestine. Crucially, only butyric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid, and caproic acid were significantly decreased in the plasma of diabetic mice and improved after butyrate supplementation. The deeper correlation analysis revealed nine genera strongly positively or negatively correlated with the above three SCFAs. Of note, all three positively correlated genera, including norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Ileibacterium, and Dubosiella, were significantly decreased in the diabetic mice with or without butyrate treatment. Interestingly, among the six negatively correlated genera, Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were increased, while Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae were decreased after butyrate supplementation.
CONCLUSION
Together, these findings demonstrate the microbiota regulating and diabetic therapeutic effects of butyrate, which can be used as a potential food supplement alternative to DR medicine.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Butyric Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Chromatography, Liquid; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 37420234
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04259-4 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2021The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of...
Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure.
The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBa) and isoacids on alleviating MFD. Five ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with the following 5 dietary treatments (dry matter basis): a high-forage and low-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (HF-C); a low-forage and high-starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil (LF-C); the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa (0.11%; 28 g/d; LF-HMTBa); the LF-C diet supplemented with isoacids [(IA) 0.24%; 60 g/d; LF-IA]; and the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa and IA (LF-COMB). The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sampling). Ruminal samples were collected to determine fermentation characteristics (0, 1, 3, and 6 h after feeding), long-chain fatty acid (FA) profile (6 h after feeding), and bacterial community structure by analyzing 16S gene amplicon sequences (3 h after feeding). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) in a Latin square design. Preplanned comparisons between HF-C and LF-C were conducted, and the main effects of HMTBa and IA and their interaction within the LF diets were examined. The LF-C diet decreased ruminal pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with no major changes detected in ruminal FA profile compared with HF-C. The α-diversity for LF-C was lower compared with HF-C, and β-diversity also differed between LF-C and HF-C. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera associated indirectly with fiber degradation was influenced by LF-C versus HF-C. As the main effect of HMTBa within the LF diets, HMTBa increased the ratio of acetate to propionate and butyrate molar proportion. Ruminal saturated FA were increased and unsaturated FA concentration were decreased by HMTBa, with minimal changes detected in ruminal bacterial diversity and community. As the main effect of IA, IA supplementation increased ruminal concentration of all branched-chain volatile FA and valerate and increased the percentage of trans-10 C18 isomers in total FA. In addition, α-diversity and the number of functional features were increased for IA. Changes in the abundances of bacterial phyla and genera were minimal for IA. Interactions between HMTBa and IA were observed for ruminal variables and some bacterial taxa abundances. In conclusion, increasing diet fermentability (LF-C vs. HF-C) influenced rumen fermentation and bacterial community structure without major changes in FA profile. Supplementation of HMTBa increased biohydrogenation capacity, and supplemental IA increased bacterial diversity, possibly alleviating MFD. The combination of HMTBa and IA had no associative effects in the rumen and need further studies to understand the interactive mechanism.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Cattle; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Female; Fermentation; Lactation; Methionine; Milk; Rumen
PubMed: 33358812
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18950 -
Poultry Science Sep 2005Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are considered potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. The efficacy of butyric acid on performance and carcass... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are considered potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. The efficacy of butyric acid on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was tested in two studies. The effect of dietary butyrate on the ability to withstand coccidial oocyte challenge also was investigated. In experiment 1, male broiler chickens were fed diets supplemented with 0 or 11 ppm virginiamycin or 0.2 or 0.4% butyric acid (as mono-, di-, and triglyceride). In experiment 2, broilers were fed bacitracin methylene disalicylate or 0.1 or 0.2% butyric acid. In another trial, birds vaccinated against coccidiosis were challenged with oocytes at 21 d and examined 6 d later. In experiment 1, diet treatments had no effect on body weight gain. Feed intake of the birds fed 0.4% butyric acid was decreased (P < 0.01) compared with birds fed the nonmedicated diet during the starter period, whereas birds fed 0.2% butyric acid had similar feed intake to the control birds. In experiment 2, diet treatments did not affect the performance of broiler chicks while carcass weight and breast meat yield increased (P < 0.01) in birds fed 0.2% butyric acid. With oocyte challenge, birds that had received butyric acid before challenge showed higher growth rate following the challenge compared with birds that received nonmedicated feed. Bacitracin decreased (P < 0.05%) duodenal villi crypt depth, whereas villus length was similar in birds fed butyric acid or the nonmedicated control diet. These results show that 0.2% butyric acid can help to maintain the performance and carcass quality of broilers, especially in vaccinated birds challenged with coccidiosis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Butyric Acid; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Diet; Male; Poultry Diseases; Protozoan Vaccines; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 16206563
DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.9.1418 -
Bioresource Technology Jun 2021Sugarcane straw (SCS) was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid assisted by microwave to magnify fermentable sugars and to minimize the concentration of inhibitors in the...
Sugarcane straw (SCS) was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid assisted by microwave to magnify fermentable sugars and to minimize the concentration of inhibitors in the hydrolysates. The optimum conditions for maximum recovery of sugars were 162 °C and 0.6% (w/v) HSO. The low level of inhibitors, such as acetate (2.9 g/L) and total phenolics (1.4 g/L), in the SCS slurry from the pretreatment stage allowed the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps to occur without detoxification. Besides consuming the total sugar content (31.0 g/L), Clostridium beijerinckii Br21 was able to use acetate from the SCS hydrolysate, to give butyric acid at high conversion factor (0.49 g of butyric acid /g of sugar). The optimized pretreatment conditions spared acid, time, and the detoxification stage, making bio-butyric acid production from SCS extremely attractive.
Topics: Butyric Acid; Clostridium beijerinckii; Fermentation; Hydrolysis; Microwaves; Saccharum
PubMed: 33706176
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124929 -
Environment International Feb 2024Lead is an environmentally widespread neurotoxic pollutant. Although the neurotoxicity of lead has been found to be closely associated with metabolic disorders, the...
Lead is an environmentally widespread neurotoxic pollutant. Although the neurotoxicity of lead has been found to be closely associated with metabolic disorders, the effects of short-chain fatty acids on the neurotoxicity of lead and its mechanisms have not yet been explored. In this study, the results of open field tests and Morris water maze tests demonstrated that chronic lead exposure caused learning and memory deficits and anxiety-like symptoms in mice. The serum butyric acid content of lead-treated mice decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and oral administration of butyrate significantly improved cognitive memory impairment and anxiety symptoms in lead-exposed mice. Moreover, butyrate alleviated neuroinflammation caused by lead exposure by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling in microglia. Butyrate also promoted the expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase ACSS2 in hippocampal neurons, thereby increasing the content of acetyl-CoA and restoring the expression of both histone H3K9ac and the downstream BDNF. We also found that the median butyric acid concentration in high-lead exposure humans was remarkably lower than that in the low-lead exposure humans (45.16 μg/L vs. 60.92 μg/L, P < 0.01), and that butyric acid significantly mediated the relationship of lead exposure with the Montreal cognitive assessment scores, with a contribution rate of 27.57 %. In conclusion, our results suggest that butyrate supplementation is a possible therapeutic strategy for lead-induced neurotoxicity.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Butyric Acid; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Lead; Memory Disorders; Cognition; Acetate-CoA Ligase
PubMed: 38340407
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108479 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018Butyric acid (BA) is produced by periodontopathic bacterial pathogens and contributes to periodontal disease (PD) induction. Moreover, PD has been associated with...
Butyric acid (BA) is produced by periodontopathic bacterial pathogens and contributes to periodontal disease (PD) induction. Moreover, PD has been associated with detrimental effects which subsequently may lead to systemic disease (SD) development affecting certain organs. Surprisingly, the potential systemic manifestations and organ-localized effects of BA have never been elucidated. Here, we simulated BA-based oral infection among young (20-week-old) rats and isolated blood cytosol to determine BA effects on stress network-related signals [total heme, hydrogen peroxide (HO), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), free fatty acid (FFA), NADP/NADPH], inflammation-associated signals [caspases (CASP12 and CASP1), IL-1β, TNF-α, metallomatrix proteinase-9 (MMP-9), and toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2)], and neurological blood biomarkers [presenilin (PS1 and PS2) and amyloid precursor protein (APP)]. Similarly, we extracted the brain from both control and BA-treated rats, isolated the major regions (hippocampus, pineal gland, hypothalamus, cerebrum, and cerebellum), and, subsequently, measured stress network-related signals [oxidative stress: total heme, NADPH, HO, GR, and FFA; ER stress: GADD153, calcium, CASP1, and CASP3] and a brain neurodegenerative biomarker (Tau). In the blood, we found that BA was no longer detectable. Nevertheless, oxidative stress and inflammation were induced. Interestingly, amounts of representative inflammatory signals (CASP12, CASP1, IL-1β, and TNF-α) decreased while MMP-9 levels increased which we believe would suggest that inflammation was MMP-9-modulated and would serve as an alternative inflammatory mechanism. Similarly, TLR2 activity was increased which would insinuate that neurological blood biomarkers (APP, PS1, and PS2) were likewise affected. In the brain, BA was not detected, however, we found that both oxidative and ER stresses were likewise altered in all brain regions. Interestingly, tau protein amounts were significantly affected in the cerebellar and hippocampal regions which coincidentally are the major brain regions affected in several neurological disorders. Taken together, we propose that gingival BA can potentially cause systemic inflammation ascribable to prolonged systemic manifestations in the blood and localized detrimental effects within the brain organ.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Brain; Butyric Acid; Gingivitis; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Diseases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; tau Proteins
PubMed: 29915575
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01158 -
Poultry Science Jun 2018This study compared the efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici, mannan-oligosaccharide, butyric acid, and their combination on growth performance and intestinal health in...
Effects of Pediococcus acidilactici, mannan-oligosaccharide, butyric acid and their combination on growth performance and intestinal health in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium.
This study compared the efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici, mannan-oligosaccharide, butyric acid, and their combination on growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with S. Typhimurium. Ross 308 male broilers (n = 420) were randomly assigned to one of the 6 treatments, resulting in 5 replicate pens of 14 chicks per treatment. The treatments included a negative control [(NC), no additive, not challenged]; positive control [(PC), no additive, but challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 3 posthatch], and 4 groups whereby birds were challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 3 posthatch and fed diets supplemented with either probiotic [0.1 g/kg Pediococcus acidilactici (PA)], prebiotic [2 g/kg mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS)], organic acid [0.5 g/kg butyric acid (BA)], or a combination of the 3 additives (MA). The S. Typhimurium challenge decreased feed intake, body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio and reduced jejunum villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth (CD) ratio (P < 0.05). Birds on the MA treatment exhibited similar performance to birds on the NC treatment (P > 0.05) and had a lower population of Salmonella in the ceca compared with birds on the PC treatment, at d 14 and 21 post-challenge (P < 0.05). The lowest heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was observed in birds on the MA and NC treatments (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets supplemented with MA or PA had greater VH and VH: CD ratio than birds on the PC treatment at d 7, 14 and 21 d post-challenge (P < 0.05). Suppressed amylase and protease activity was observed as a result of the S. Typhimurium challenge; the enzyme levels were restored in birds fed the additive-supplemented diets, when compared to the birds on the PC treatment, particularly at d 21 post-challenge (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with a combination of PA, BA, and MOS in broiler chickens could be used as an effective tool for controlling S. Typhimurium and promoting growth performance.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Butyric Acid; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Mannans; Oligosaccharides; Pediococcus acidilactici; Poultry Diseases; Probiotics; Random Allocation; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium
PubMed: 29514269
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey035